Alasdair Gray’s novel is deeply entrenched in the cultural landscape of Glasgow, Scotland. As a celebrated artist and writer hailing from Glasgow, Gray infused his work with the essence of the city. However, while the narrative of the book unfolds amidst the streets, landmarks, and authentic locales of Glasgow, the film takes a daring artistic departure by reimagining the story within the fantastical backdrop of London, Paris, a ship, Alexandria and Lisbon. Glasgow is entirely omitted from the movie, and none of the main cast members are Scottish.

Despite the book being narrated from Archibald McCandless’ perspective, the movie immerses viewers in Bella Baxter’s journey as she matures. Certain scenes feature a small round frame that offers glimpses into Bella’s evolving perspective and developing brain.

One of the film’s most significant contributions to Gray’s novel lies in its cinematography. Yorgos Lanthimos and Robbie Ryan employ unconventional angles, fish-eye lenses, and transitions between monochrome and color. This visual distortion serves as a replacement for the novel’s unreliable narration, adding a fresh layer of intrigue.

Although the changes in setting and perspective are significant, both the book and film coincide in exploring themes of challenging the established systems of class, gender, and imperialism through Bella’s unique perspective.